Thaum peb tig lub teeb hloov lossis ntsaws rau hauv ib qho khoom siv, hluav taws xob zoo li tshwm nyob ib puag ncig peb hauv txoj kev tsis meej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tsis nyuaj. Los ntawm kev paub peb tus kheej nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab txog qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab siv qhov sib piv nrog cov dej ntws los txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no
Thaum koj txuas lub zog hluav taws xob, xws li lub roj teeb, mus rau lub voj voog, nws tsim lub zog hu ua voltage. Qhov hluav taws xob no ua rau cov hluav taws xob (cov khoom me me nrog cov nqi tsis zoo) pib txav mus. Cov hluav taws xob txav los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua (qhov zoo tshaj plaws) mus rau thaj chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis (qhov tsis zoo).
Raws li cov electrons txav mus, lawv dhau los ntawm cov conductors zoo li cov hlau thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov atoms tam sim no. Nruab nrab ntawm cov atoms, electrons dhia thiab sau qhov khoob ntawm lawv. Cov txheej txheem no zoo li kev ua si ntawm cov qos yaj ywm kub, nrog cov electrons hopping ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov.
Qhov kev txav ntawm cov electrons no tsim ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas yog qhov ntws ntawm electrons. Peb ntsuas qhov loj ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv amperes (A). Feem ntau, tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov zoo davhlau ya nyob twg mus rau qhov tsis zoo terminal.
Yog li ntawd, hluav taws xob tam sim no yog tsim thaum electrons raug tsav mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog vim qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov kev txav no tsim ib qho kev nruam ntawm electrons, hu ua hluav taws xob tam sim no. Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ua rau lub zog hloov hluav taws xob thiab siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob hauv ib lub voj voog.
Hom Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Ob hom hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yog tam sim no ncaj qha (DC) thiab hloov tam sim no (AC).
Direct tam sim no yog qhov nruam ntws ntawm cov nqi hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Hauv DC Circuit Court, tsub nqi tsuas yog txav mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, thiab qhov tam sim no tseem nyob tas li ntawm nws cov kev taw qhia. DC feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv roj teeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb.
Alternating tam sim no yog lub sij hawm rov qab-thiab-tawm ntws ntawm cov nqi ntawm ob qho kev qhia. Hauv AC Circuit Court, cov kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no hloov pauv raws sijhawm. AC yog hom tam sim no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub, tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab xa tawm los ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob rau peb lub tsev thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov zaus ntawm AC tam sim no feem ntau ntsuas hauv hertz (Hz), xws li tus qauv zaus ntawm 50 lossis 60 Hz rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev.
DC thiab AC tam sim no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov kev siv thiab cov yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, DC nthuav tawm lub zog poob qis dua kev sib kis mus ntev, thaum AC tso cai hloov hluav taws xob yooj yim los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Cov khoom siv sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv yuav xav tau qee yam tam sim no kom tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau.
Qhov hluav taws xob
Voltage, tseem hu ua electromotive quab yuam, sawv cev rau lub siab los yog thawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv ib qho system, zoo ib yam li cov dej siab hauv cov kav dej. Hauv cov qauv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, qhov hluav taws xob feem ntau yog hais txog qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm muab los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob los tsav tam sim no hauv Circuit Court.
Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tus qauv voltage rau tsev neeg circuits yog kwv yees li 120 volts (qhov tseeb voltage ranges ntawm kwv yees li 115 mus rau 125 volts) los yog 240 volts (qhov tseeb ntau yam ntawm 230 mus rau 250 volts). Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau, qhov hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev me ua haujlwm ntawm 120-volt circuits, thaum cov khoom siv loj xws li tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, qhov cub, thiab cua txias feem ntau siv 240-volt circuits.
Resistance: Lub ohm yog chav tsev siv los ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntsib los ntawm kev ntws ntawm electrons los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev tiv thaiv siab dua impedes cov dej ntws ntawm tam sim no. Kev ua haujlwm ua rau muaj qee qhov kub ntawm qhov tsim tawm hauv ib lub voj voog vim kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv.
Kev tiv thaiv
Kev tsis kam yog ntsuas hauv ohms thiab sawv cev rau qhov kev tawm tsam tau ntsib los ntawm kev ntws ntawm electrons los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev tiv thaiv siab dua impedes cov dej ntws ntawm tam sim no. Kev ua haujlwm ua rau cov cua sov tsim tawm hauv ib lub voj voog vim kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, lub tshuab ziab plaub hau ua cua kub vim muaj qhov tsis kam ntawm nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv, uas ua rau cov cua sov thaum tam sim no dhau los ntawm qhov tsis kam. Ib yam li ntawd, cov hlau nyias nyias hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub teeb pom kev ua haujlwm, ua rau cov hlau kom sov thiab tawm lub teeb raws li qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws.
Hauv kev xaus
Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, hom hluav taws xob tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob, thiab qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo txog qhov xwm txheej thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, peb tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo dua thiab pab txhawb kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv hluav taws xob yuav ua rau tib neeg kev vam meej thiab tsim kom muaj lub neej yav tom ntej zoo dua.
