Kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb mus rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab tau tso cov tshuab photovoltaic (PV) ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Cov tshuab no, feem ntau ntsia tau rau hauv qhov chaw sab nraum zoov thiab txuas nrog cov hluav taws xob sib txuas, yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov overvoltages, feem ntau hu ua surges lossis spikes. Cov surges no, pib los ntawm ob qho tib si sab nraud xws li xob laim tawm tsam thiab cov chaw sab hauv xws li kev hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm hauv daim phiaj lossis inverters, ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub cev kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev. Yog li ntawd, kev koom ua ke ntawm Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) tsis yog ib qho kev txhim kho xwb tab sis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa PV.
Qhov chaw ntawm Surge Threats hauv PV Systems
Kev nkag siab txog keeb kwm ntawm kev nce siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv kev tiv thaiv zoo. Cov kev hem thawj yog ob npaug:
Sab Nraud Surges (Lightning): Ib qho hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau PV array lossis thaj av ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Feem ntau, indirect strikes induce loj overvoltages nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob conductors thiab metallic Cheebtsam ntawm lub system. Txawm tias nyob deb li deb tuaj yeem ua ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm PV installation.
Internal Surges (Switching Transients): Cov no yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Circuit Court breakers, contactors, lossis hloov ceev ntawm lub inverter lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim siab - zaus voltage spikes. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv hauv daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob, xws li kev hloov pauv hauv lub txhab nyiaj capacitor, kuj tuaj yeem nthuav tawm mus rau hauv PV system.
Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, cov overvoltages tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj tam sim ntawd thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kim thiab kim, feem ntau yog PV modules thiab inverter. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntxov ntxov thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm.
Lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov chaw ntawm SPDs hauv PV System
Ib qho SPD ua haujlwm raws li lub siab nyem valve rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws txwv tsis pub dhau ib ntus overvoltages los ntawm kev hloov cov surge tam sim no yam xyuam xim rau hauv av, yog li clamping qhov voltage mus rau qib uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom siv txuas. Ib qho kev qhia SPD lub tswv yim rau PV system muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau- theem mus kom ze, feem ntau hu ua zoning:
DC Sab Kev Tiv Thaiv (PV Array rau Inverter): DC sab ntawm lub kaw lus, suav nrog cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab cov cabling khiav mus rau lub inverter, yog qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam rau xob laim -vim surges.
Hom 1 SPDs feem ntau yog ntsia ntawm lub ntsiab DC lub thawv sib txuas. Lawv tau tsim los tiv thaiv cov kev xav tau siab heev los ntawm kev sib tsoo ncaj qha lossis nyob ze, muab thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Cov SPDs no tiv thaiv DC cables thiab DC input theem ntawm lub inverter, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau yooj yim thiab kim Cheebtsam los hloov.
AC Kev Tiv Thaiv Sab Nraud (Inverter rau Grid Connection): Lub AC tso zis ntawm inverter thiab qhov kev sib txuas taw tes rau daim phiaj tseem ceeb kuj yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.
Hom 2 SPDs tau nruab rau ntawm AC faib pawg thawj coj saib, feem ntau nyob ze ntawm lub inverter cov zis. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab nce zuj zus los ntawm kab sib chaws, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau inverter's AC tso zis circuitry.
Hom 1 SPD kuj tseem yuav xav tau ntawm qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb nkag yog tias PV system tau teeb tsa hauv lub tsev, muab kev sib koom tes tiv thaiv rau tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Ntaub Ntawv / Kev Sib Txuas Lus: Cov tshuab PV niaj hnub no feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv saib xyuas thiab kev sib txuas lus. SPDs rau cov ntaub ntawv kab (piv txwv li, Ethernet, RS485) yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov teeb liab rhiab heev ntawm cov surges induced ntawm kev sib txuas lus cables.
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau xaiv SPDs
Xaiv txoj cai SPD yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev ntsuas:
Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage (Uc): Yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov siab tshaj qhov system voltage (ob leeg DC thiab AC).
Voltage Protection Level (Up): Qhov no yog qhov siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob uas yuav tso tawm mus rau cov khoom siv. Qhov qis dua muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua tab sis yuav tsum tau sib haum nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Nominal Discharge Current (In) thiab Impulse Current (Iimp): Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no qhia txog SPD lub peev xwm los tso tawm cov dej ntws tawm. Hom 1 SPDs yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm Iimp, thaum Hom 2 los ntawm Hauv, xav txog lawv txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv sib txawv.
Hauv kev xaus, raws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub zog hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv kev nqis peev no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Surge Protective Devices muab lub zog thiab tus nqi -kev daws teeb meem zoo los txo cov kev pheej hmoo tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv dhau sijhawm. Los ntawm kev siv qhov zoo -tsim SPD lub tswv yim uas suav nrog DC thiab AC sab ntawm lub kaw lus, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov tswv tuaj yeem txhim kho lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau zoo, tiv thaiv cov khoom muaj nqis, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm ntev -, txhim khu kev qha ntawm lub hnub ci zog. Ignoring no criti
